How to reduce size of EC2 EBS volume

Latest link: https://medium.com/@rahulian/how-to-reduce-volume-of-an-aws-ec2-instance-d493ec891698

copy commands:

-aAxXSH

-aHAXxSP

attach two volume and issue below commands:

Block Device Name Big Volume = /dev/sda1

Block Device Name Big Volume Snapshot = /dev/sdg

Block Device Name Small Volume = /dev/sdf

Restart the Instance and SSH in

Login:

1	ssh -i <Private-key> ec2-user@ip-address

Create a file system for the 2 volumes you have created (Note: In Ubuntu I had to do a cat/proc/partitions to work out which device was which).

1 2	sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdf sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdg

Create two mount directories and mount the new volumes.

1 2 3 4

sudo mkdir /mnt/small sudo mount /dev/xvdf /mnt/small sudo mkdir /mnt/snap sudo mount /dev/xvdg1 /mnt/snap

Sync the files.

1	sudo rsync -aHAXxSP /mnt/snap/ /mnt/small

Unmount the smaller volume.

1	sudo umount /dev/xvdf

Stop the instance

link from:

http://cloudacademy.com/blog/amazon-ebs-shink-volume/

common bugs in PHP: Include same file name

If two files with same names available, then content of second include will not be read if include_once used.

include vs include_once : There is only one difference between include() and include_once(). If the code from a file has been already included then it will not be included again if we use include_once(). Means include_once() include the file only once at a time.

include vs require : if include() is not able to find a specified file on location at that time it will throw a warning however, it will not stop script execution. For the same scenario, require() will throw a fatal error and it will stop the script execution.

require vs require_once : There is only one difference between require() and require_once(). If the code from a file has been already included then it will not be included again if we use require_once(). Means require_once() include the file only once at a time.